固體(ti)聚(ju)丙(bing)烯酰胺(an)(acylamide)在使用(yong)之前(qian),一般都要將其固體(ti)溶合成(cheng)溶液(ye),然(ran)后投加使用(yong)。聚(ju)丙(bing)烯酰胺(an)廠家聚(ju)丙(bing)烯酰胺(an)作為潤滑劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、懸浮劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、粘土穩定劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、驅油(you)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)、降(jiang)失水劑(ji)(ji)(ji)和增稠劑(ji)(ji)(ji),在鉆井、酸化(hua)、壓裂(lie)、堵水、固井及二次(ci)采油(you)、三次(ci)采油(you)中得到了(le)廣(guang)泛應用(yong),是一種極為重要的油(you)田化(hua)學品。
聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)按其結構又可分為(wei)(wei)非(fei)離(li)子(zi)型(xing)、陰離(li)子(zi)型(xing)和陽(yang)離(li)子(zi)型(xing)。陰離(li)子(zi)型(xing)多(duo)為(wei)(wei)PAM 的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)解體(ti)(ti)(HPAM)。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)的(de)(de)主鏈上(shang)帶有大量的(de)(de)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)基,化學活性(xing)很高,可以改性(xing)制取(qu)許多(duo)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)的(de)(de)衍生物(wu),產(chan)品已(yi)廣泛應用于造紙、選礦、采油、冶金、建材、污水(shui)(shui)處理等行業。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)廠(chang)家聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)為(wei)(wei)白色(se)(se)(se)粉末或者小顆粒狀(zhuang)物(wu),密度(du)為(wei)(wei)1.32g/cm3(23度(du)),玻璃化溫度(du)為(wei)(wei)188度(du),軟(ruan)化溫度(du)近于210度(du),一般方(fang)法(fa)干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)時(shi)含(han)有少(shao)量的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui),干(gan)時(shi)又會很快從(cong)環境中吸(xi)取(qu)水(shui)(shui)分,用冷凍干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)法(fa)分離(li)的(de)(de)均(jun)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)物(wu)是(shi)(shi)白色(se)(se)(se)松軟(ruan)的(de)(de)非(fei)結晶固(gu)體(ti)(ti),但是(shi)(shi)當從(cong)溶液中沉淀(dian)并干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)后則為(wei)(wei)玻璃狀(zhuang)部(bu)分透明(ming)的(de)(de)固(gu)體(ti)(ti),完(wan)全干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)PAM是(shi)(shi)脆性(xing)的(de)(de)白色(se)(se)(se)固(gu)體(ti)(ti),商品聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)通常是(shi)(shi)在(zai)適度(du)的(de)(de)條件(jian)下干(gan)燥(zao)(zao)(zao)的(de)(de),一般含(han)水(shui)(shui)量為(wei)(wei)5%~15%,澆鑄(zhu)在(zai)玻璃板(ban)上(shang)制備的(de)(de)高分子(zi)膜,則是(shi)(shi)透明(ming)、堅硬、易(yi)碎的(de)(de)固(gu)體(ti)(ti)。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)一種(zhong)線型(xing)高分子(zi)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)合物(wu),產(chan)品主要分為(wei)(wei)干(gan)粉和膠體(ti)(ti)兩種(zhong)形式。
按其平(ping)均分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可分(fen)(fen)(fen)為(wei)低分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(<100 萬)、中分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(200~400 萬)和高(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(>700萬)三類。現使用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)丙烯(xi)酰胺用(yong)(yong)于(yu)污泥污水(shui)處理(chǔ lǐ)行業比較,當天配制好的 溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)當天使用(yong)(yong)效果(guo)很理想,但是(shi)放置一(yi)段時間過后,溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)粘度(du)(du)明顯下降(descend),效果(guo)也不好。那么主要是(shi)由哪些(xie)因素(factor)引起的 呢(ni)? 一(yi)般分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)越高(gao)的 聚(ju)丙烯(xi)酰胺的 溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)粘度(du)(du)越大(da),這是(shi)因為(wei)聚(ju)丙烯(xi)酰胺大(da)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)細(xi)而長的 鏈(lian)狀體,在溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中運動的 阻力很大(da)。粘度(du)(du)的 實質是(shi)反映溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)內磨擦(ca)力的 大(da)小,亦(yi)稱(cheng)為(wei)內磨擦(ca)系(xi)數。各種(zhong)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有機物的 溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的 粘度(du)(du)都比較高(gao),并(bing)隨分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)升高(gao)而增大(da)。測(ce)(ce)定(ding)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有機物分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的 一(yi)種(zhong)方法,測(ce)(ce)定(ding)一(yi)定(ding)濃度(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)在一(yi)定(ding)條件下的 粘度(du)(du),再(zai)按一(yi)定(ding)的 公式計算其分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang),稱(cheng)為(wei) ;推定(ding)分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang) ;。
而(er)聚(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)酰胺溶液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 特(te)性粘度 [η] 與(yu)其分(fen)子(zi)量m 之間有如(ru)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 指數函(han)數關系(xi) : [η] = 3。73 × 10-4 × m 0.66 經(jing)驗(experience)表明(ming),聚(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)酰胺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 絮凝(ning)性能(neng)與(yu)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 溶液粘度有直接的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 關系(xi),粘度越高者性能(neng)越好,說(shuo)分(fen)子(zi)量越高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 聚(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)酰胺產品(pin)性能(neng)越優;如(ru)果它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 粘度受到某(mou)些因素(su)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de) 影響而(er)降(jiang)低(reduce),其絮凝(ning)性能(neng)必然下降(jiang)。