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固(gu)(gu)體(ti)聚丙烯酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(acylamide)在使(shi)用(yong)之前，一般都要(yao)將其固(gu)(gu)體(ti)溶(rong)合成溶(rong)液(ye)，然后(hou)投加使(shi)用(yong)。聚丙烯酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺廠家聚丙烯酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺作為潤滑劑、懸浮劑、粘(zhan)土穩定劑、驅(qu)油劑、降失(shi)水劑和(he)增稠劑，在鉆(zhan)井(jing)、酸化、壓(ya)裂、堵(du)水、固(gu)(gu)井(jing)及二次采油、三次采油中得(de)到了(le)廣泛應用(yong),是一種極為重要(yao)的(de)油田化學品。

聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)按其結構(gou)又可分(fen)(fen)(fen)為非離子(zi)型(xing)、陰離子(zi)型(xing)和陽離子(zi)型(xing)。陰離子(zi)型(xing)多為PAM 的(de)(de)(de)水解體(ti)(HPAM)。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)鏈上(shang)帶有大量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)酰(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)基,化(hua)學活性很(hen)高，可以改性制取許(xu)多聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)(de)衍(yan)生物(wu)(wu)，產品(pin)已(yi)廣泛應(ying)用于(yu)(yu)造紙、選礦、采油、冶金、建(jian)材、污水處(chu)理等(deng)行業。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)廠家聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)為白色粉末(mo)或者小顆(ke)粒(li)狀物(wu)(wu)，密(mi)度(du)(du)為1.32g/cm3(23度(du)(du)），玻璃(li)(li)化(hua)溫(wen)度(du)(du)為188度(du)(du)，軟化(hua)溫(wen)度(du)(du)近(jin)于(yu)(yu)210度(du)(du)，一(yi)般(ban)方法干(gan)燥(zao)時(shi)(shi)含有少量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)水，干(gan)時(shi)(shi)又會很(hen)快(kuai)從環(huan)境中(zhong)吸(xi)取水分(fen)(fen)(fen)，用冷凍干(gan)燥(zao)法分(fen)(fen)(fen)離的(de)(de)(de)均聚(ju)(ju)(ju)物(wu)(wu)是(shi)白色松(song)軟的(de)(de)(de)非結晶固(gu)(gu)體(ti)，但是(shi)當(dang)從溶液中(zhong)沉淀(dian)并(bing)干(gan)燥(zao)后則(ze)為玻璃(li)(li)狀部分(fen)(fen)(fen)透明(ming)(ming)的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)體(ti)，完全干(gan)燥(zao)的(de)(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)PAM是(shi)脆性的(de)(de)(de)白色固(gu)(gu)體(ti)，商品(pin)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)干(gan)燥(zao)通(tong)常是(shi)在適度(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)條件下干(gan)燥(zao)的(de)(de)(de)，一(yi)般(ban)含水量(liang)為5%~15%，澆(jiao)鑄在玻璃(li)(li)板上(shang)制備的(de)(de)(de)高分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)膜(mo)，則(ze)是(shi)透明(ming)(ming)、堅(jian)硬、易(yi)碎的(de)(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)體(ti)。聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)酰(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)線型(xing)高分(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)聚(ju)(ju)(ju)合物(wu)(wu)，產品(pin)主(zhu)要分(fen)(fen)(fen)為干(gan)粉和膠體(ti)兩種(zhong)形式(shi)。

按其(qi)平均(jun)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)可分(fen)(fen)為低分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(<100 萬(wan)(wan))、中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(200~400 萬(wan)(wan))和(he)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(>700萬(wan)(wan))三類(lei)。現使用(yong)(yong)聚(ju)(ju)丙烯酰(xian)胺(an)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)污(wu)泥污(wu)水處理(li)(chǔ lǐ)行業比較，當天配制(zhi)好(hao)的(de)(de) 溶(rong)(rong)液當天使用(yong)(yong)效果(guo)很(hen)理(li)想，但是(shi)放置一(yi)段時(shi)間過(guo)后，溶(rong)(rong)液粘度(du)(du)(du)明顯下(xia)降(descend)，效果(guo)也不好(hao)。那么主要(yao)是(shi)由哪些因(yin)素(factor)引起的(de)(de) 呢(ni)？   一(yi)般分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)越高(gao)的(de)(de) 聚(ju)(ju)丙烯酰(xian)胺(an)的(de)(de) 溶(rong)(rong)液粘度(du)(du)(du)越大(da)，這是(shi)因(yin)為聚(ju)(ju)丙烯酰(xian)胺(an)大(da)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)是(shi)細而(er)長的(de)(de) 鏈(lian)狀體，在溶(rong)(rong)液中(zhong)運動的(de)(de) 阻力(li)很(hen)大(da)。粘度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de) 實質是(shi)反映溶(rong)(rong)液內磨擦(ca)力(li)的(de)(de) 大(da)小，亦稱為內磨擦(ca)系(xi)數。各種(zhong)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)機(ji)物的(de)(de) 溶(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de) 粘度(du)(du)(du)都比較高(gao)，并隨分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)升高(gao)而(er)增大(da)。測定(ding)(ding)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)機(ji)物分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)的(de)(de) 一(yi)種(zhong)方法，測定(ding)(ding)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)液在一(yi)定(ding)(ding)條(tiao)件下(xia)的(de)(de) 粘度(du)(du)(du)，再按一(yi)定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de) 公(gong)式(shi)計算其(qi)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)，稱為 ;推定(ding)(ding)分(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang) ;。

而聚(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)酰胺(an)(an)溶(rong)液的(de)(de) 特性(xing)粘(zhan)度(du)(du) [η] 與(yu)(yu)其(qi)分(fen)(fen)子量m 之間(jian)有如下(xia)的(de)(de) 指數函數關系 ： [η] = 3。73 × 10－4 × m 0.66 經驗（experience)表明，聚(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)酰胺(an)(an)的(de)(de) 絮(xu)凝性(xing)能(neng)與(yu)(yu)它的(de)(de) 溶(rong)液粘(zhan)度(du)(du)有直接的(de)(de) 關系，粘(zhan)度(du)(du)越(yue)高者性(xing)能(neng)越(yue)好，說分(fen)(fen)子量越(yue)高的(de)(de) 聚(ju)(ju)丙烯(xi)(xi)酰胺(an)(an)產品性(xing)能(neng)越(yue)優；如果它的(de)(de) 粘(zhan)度(du)(du)受到某些因素的(de)(de) 影響而降(jiang)低(di)（reduce)，其(qi)絮(xu)凝性(xing)能(neng)必然(ran)下(xia)降(jiang)。