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固(gu)體(ti)聚(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)酰(xian)胺(an)(acylamide)在使用(yong)之前，一般都要(yao)將其固(gu)體(ti)溶(rong)合成溶(rong)液，然后(hou)投加使用(yong)。聚(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)酰(xian)胺(an)廠家聚(ju)丙(bing)烯(xi)(xi)酰(xian)胺(an)作為潤(run)滑(hua)劑(ji)、懸浮劑(ji)、粘(zhan)土穩(wen)定(ding)劑(ji)、驅油(you)劑(ji)、降失水(shui)劑(ji)和增稠劑(ji)，在鉆井、酸化、壓(ya)裂、堵水(shui)、固(gu)井及二次采油(you)、三次采油(you)中(zhong)得到了廣泛(fan)應用(yong),是一種極為重要(yao)的油(you)田化學品。

聚(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)聚(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)按其(qi)結(jie)構(gou)又(you)(you)可分(fen)(fen)為(wei)非離(li)子型、陰離(li)子型和陽(yang)離(li)子型。陰離(li)子型多(duo)為(wei)PAM 的(de)(de)水(shui)解(jie)體(ti)(HPAM)。聚(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)主(zhu)鏈(lian)上帶有(you)大量(liang)的(de)(de)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)基,化(hua)學(xue)活性很(hen)高，可以改性制取許(xu)多(duo)聚(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)的(de)(de)衍生(sheng)物(wu)，產(chan)品已廣泛應用于造紙、選礦、采油(you)、冶金、建材、污水(shui)處理等行業(ye)。聚(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)廠家聚(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)為(wei)白色(se)粉末或者小顆粒狀(zhuang)物(wu)，密度為(wei)1.32g/cm3(23度），玻(bo)璃化(hua)溫度為(wei)188度，軟化(hua)溫度近于210度，一般方法(fa)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)時含有(you)少量(liang)的(de)(de)水(shui)，干(gan)(gan)時又(you)(you)會很(hen)快從環境中吸取水(shui)分(fen)(fen)，用冷凍干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)法(fa)分(fen)(fen)離(li)的(de)(de)均聚(ju)(ju)物(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)白色(se)松軟的(de)(de)非結(jie)晶固(gu)體(ti)，但是(shi)(shi)(shi)當從溶(rong)液中沉淀并干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)后則為(wei)玻(bo)璃狀(zhuang)部分(fen)(fen)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)的(de)(de)固(gu)體(ti)，完(wan)全干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)聚(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)PAM是(shi)(shi)(shi)脆性的(de)(de)白色(se)固(gu)體(ti)，商品聚(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)通常是(shi)(shi)(shi)在適度的(de)(de)條(tiao)件(jian)下干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)(zao)的(de)(de)，一般含水(shui)量(liang)為(wei)5%~15%，澆(jiao)鑄(zhu)在玻(bo)璃板上制備的(de)(de)高分(fen)(fen)子膜，則是(shi)(shi)(shi)透(tou)(tou)明(ming)、堅硬(ying)、易碎的(de)(de)固(gu)體(ti)。聚(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)聚(ju)(ju)丙(bing)(bing)(bing)烯(xi)酰(xian)(xian)(xian)胺(an)(an)(an)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一種線型高分(fen)(fen)子聚(ju)(ju)合物(wu)，產(chan)品主(zhu)要分(fen)(fen)為(wei)干(gan)(gan)粉和膠體(ti)兩種形式。

按(an)其(qi)平(ping)均分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)可分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為低分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(<100 萬(wan))、中(zhong)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(200~400 萬(wan))和(he)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)(>700萬(wan))三(san)類。現使(shi)用聚(ju)丙(bing)烯酰胺用于(yu)污(wu)泥污(wu)水(shui)處理(chǔ lǐ)行業比較，當天(tian)配制好(hao)的(de)(de) 溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)當天(tian)使(shi)用效(xiao)果很(hen)理想(xiang)，但是放置一(yi)段時(shi)間過后，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)明顯下降(descend)，效(xiao)果也(ye)不好(hao)。那(nei)么主(zhu)要(yao)是由哪些因(yin)素(factor)引起(qi)的(de)(de) 呢？   一(yi)般分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)越高(gao)的(de)(de) 聚(ju)丙(bing)烯酰胺的(de)(de) 溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)粘(zhan)度(du)(du)越大(da)(da)，這是因(yin)為聚(ju)丙(bing)烯酰胺大(da)(da)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)是細(xi)而長的(de)(de) 鏈狀體，在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)運動的(de)(de) 阻力很(hen)大(da)(da)。粘(zhan)度(du)(du)的(de)(de) 實質(zhi)是反(fan)映溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)內磨擦力的(de)(de) 大(da)(da)小，亦稱為內磨擦系(xi)數。各種高(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有機物的(de)(de) 溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de) 粘(zhan)度(du)(du)都比較高(gao)，并(bing)隨分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)升高(gao)而增大(da)(da)。測(ce)定(ding)高(gao)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)有機物分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)的(de)(de) 一(yi)種方法，測(ce)定(ding)一(yi)定(ding)濃度(du)(du)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)在(zai)一(yi)定(ding)條件下的(de)(de) 粘(zhan)度(du)(du)，再(zai)按(an)一(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de) 公(gong)式計算其(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang)，稱為 ;推定(ding)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)子(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)(zi)量(liang)(liang)(liang) ;。

而(er)聚丙(bing)烯酰(xian)胺(an)溶液(ye)的(de)(de) 特性粘(zhan)度 [η] 與其分(fen)子(zi)量m 之間有如下(xia)的(de)(de) 指數(shu)函(han)數(shu)關系 ： [η] = 3。73 × 10－4 × m 0.66 經驗（experience)表明，聚丙(bing)烯酰(xian)胺(an)的(de)(de) 絮(xu)凝(ning)性能(neng)(neng)與它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de) 溶液(ye)粘(zhan)度有直接的(de)(de) 關系，粘(zhan)度越高(gao)者性能(neng)(neng)越好，說分(fen)子(zi)量越高(gao)的(de)(de) 聚丙(bing)烯酰(xian)胺(an)產品(pin)性能(neng)(neng)越優(you)；如果它(ta)(ta)的(de)(de) 粘(zhan)度受到某些(xie)因素的(de)(de) 影(ying)響而(er)降低（reduce)，其絮(xu)凝(ning)性能(neng)(neng)必然下(xia)降。